7 Ethnic Names with Figurative Meanings

7 Ethnic Names with Figurative Meanings 7 Ethnic Names with Figurative Meanings 7 Ethnic Names with Figurative Meanings By Mark Nichol Names of ethnic groups have inspired nonliteral associations, many of them derogatory designations for the â€Å"other.† Here are seven such terms based on such names. 1. Bohemian: This word for one who adopts an unconventional lifestyle derives from the name of a historic region of Europe that now constitutes much of the present-day Czech Republic. Because many of the Romani people (see gypsy, below) had lived for a time in this area before settling in France, they were called Bohemians. In turn, this designation was attached to artists and writers who, because of poverty (voluntary or otherwise), often lived in city neighborhoods where the â€Å"original† Bohemians had concentrated. Words derived from the term include the abbreviation boho and the neologism bobo, the latter from â€Å"bourgeois bohemian,† referring to an affluent person from a mainstream background who affects nontraditional attitudes and habits. 2. Goth: This designation for a modern subculture distinguished by somber attire and demeanor and a fascination with death and the supernatural has its roots in gothic literature and horror imagery inspired by German expressionism. Gothic literature, in turn, derives its name from the standard setting of stories in this genre: castles or monasteries of the Gothic architectural style. This style, meanwhile, takes its name from a pejorative use of Gothic to mean â€Å"barbaric†; the Goths were a loose confederation of tribes from Scandinavia responsible for the conquest of Rome and other centers of civilization in the early Middle Ages. 3. Gypsy: The Romani, members of a far-flung ethnic group originally from the Indian subcontinent, were long believed to have come from Egypt, and their informal name, now sometimes considered pejorative, derived from Egyptian. The term has also been used to refer to people with nontraditional, nomadic lifestyles and is employed loosely in such terms as â€Å"gypsy dancer.† The truncation gyp, meaning â€Å"cheat,† in both noun and verb form, results from an association of the Romani with fraud and thievery. 4. Lesbian: This name for a person from the Greek island of Lesbos acquired a connotation of female homosexuality thanks to a resident named Sappho, a woman who wrote poetry expressing love and passion for both men and women. Here name also led to the use of the adjective Sapphic to describe female homosexuality. 5. Philistine: Influenced by biblical references to a people of the Near East called the Philistines as archenemies of the Israelites (the land they had lived in was later called Palestine), the term came to be used to refer to uncivilized people; later by extension, a philistine was a person lacking refined artistic or cultural tastes and values. 6. Tartar: Though the term is now used rarely, a tartar is an irritable or violent person. The name comes from a variation of Tatar, the designation for an ethnic group originating near what is now Mongolia and now found in Russia and nearby countries; the Tatars, long allied with the Mongols, were stereotyped as being ruthless. 7. Vandal: This Germanic tribe, originating in Scandinavia, came to be associated with looting and pillaging because, after migrating throughout Europe and settling in North Africa, the Vandals conquered Rome in the early Middle Ages. However, recent historians have argued that the Vandals did not destroy the late Roman civilization but rather adopted the culture. Nevertheless, the word still refers to someone who damages property. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and ExpressionsAnyone vs. EveryoneTrooper or Trouper?

Writing Tips Shortening Sentences - Proofread My Papers Blog

Writing Tips Shortening Sentences - Proofread My Papers Blog Writing Tips: Shortening Sentences Brevity is famously the soul of wit, but it’s also highly valued in academia and the business world. Why? Because writing succinctly will help you get your point across clearly, making your work more impactful. Perhaps the simplest way to make your writing more succinct is to shorten your sentences. Handily, we have a few top tips for doing exactly that! 1. Avoid Redundancy â€Å"Redundancy† means using additional words that don’t add anything meaningful to a sentence. The phrase â€Å"twelve midnight,† for instance, means exactly the same thing as â€Å"midnight,† so the â€Å"twelve† is redundant. It’s therefore a good idea to check your sentences for unnecessary words, as cutting these out will make a long sentences shorter. For example: In actual fact, every single nurse worked from 3 am in the morning to twelve midnight. Could be easily rewritten to say the same thing with fewer words: In fact, every nurse worked from 3 am to midnight. Must be why Florence Nightingale always looked so tired. 2. Break Up Long Sentences Sometimes, long sentences are easier to follow if broken down into two or more statements. The following, for instance: Making a sentence too long can be confusing because it is easy to lose track of what was said at the beginning, since they do not give the reader enough time to process what they are reading and by the end of the sentence you might have forgotten where it started! That’s 51 words with barely a pause for breath. It would make sense to break it down into three shorter sentences: Making a sentence too long can be confusing. It is easy to lose track of what was said at the beginning, since they do not give the reader enough time to process what they are reading. By the end of the sentence you might have forgotten where it started! 3. Beware Padding Words Padding words and phrases are things like â€Å"in my opinion† or â€Å"as a matter of fact,† which make a sentence longer but don’t usually add much meaning. Saying â€Å"In my opinion, the political atmosphere is toxic,† for instance, means exactly the same as â€Å"The political atmosphere is toxic.† If you need to shorten a sentence, try looking for padding phrases you could remove. 4. Use the Active Voice We’re often taught to avoid the active voice in academic writing, but sometimes using the passive voice makes sentences unwieldy. For example, the passive sentence: The hypothesis was supported by the results. Could be made a little simpler by using the active voice: The results support the hypothesis. 5. A Final Thought†¦ Using only short sentences can make your writing lack fluency. To make your work engaging, the best thing to do is vary sentence length. You can then save shorter, punchier sentences for when you need to make a forceful point or ensure clarity.